build-essential : tools and libraries that are required to compile a program. For example, if you need to work on a C/C++ compiler, you need to install essential meta-packages on your system before starting the C compiler installation. When installing the build-essential packages, some other packages such as G++, dpkg-dev, GCC and make, etc. also install on your system.

Cmake + Ninja

GDB: The GNU Project Debugger

then for Qt and vcpkg

Besides build-essential and cmake you need to install git

development tools you have to install

sudo apt-get install build-essential curl zip unzip tar pkg-config gperf bison git autopoint gettext libtool 

sudo apt-get install mesa-common-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglfw3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev

sudo apt install libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libx11-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxi-dev libxrender-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-util-dev libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev

sudo apt-get install autoconf libtool bison gperf libx11-dev libxft-dev libxrandr-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev libxdamage-dev libxinerama-dev