C++20(templates and concepts)

by malabdalic++

what is template value type?

value_type of the template is the type of template type
for example if you have std::vector<int> the value type is int like the example below …

template<typename T>
typename std::decay<typename T::value_type>::type fun2(T t){
    return *t.begin();
}

what is the “requires” keyword?

in before c++ 20 if you want to restrict type 

template<class T>
class A{
public:
    using value_type=T;
};
template<class T>
class B:public A<T>{};
template<typename T,typename =std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<A<typename T::value_type>,T>>,
        typename =std::enable_if<is_arithmetic_v<typename T::value_type>>>
class tempClass{};
//tempClass<B<int>> correct
//tempClass<B<string>> is not correct string is not arithmetic type

but in c++20 

template<typename T>
requires std::is_base_of_v<A<typename T::value_type>,T> && is_arithmetic_v<typename T::value_type>
class tempClass{};

what is the “concept” keyword?

template<class T>
concept MM=std::is_base_of_v<A<typename T::value_type>,T> && is_arithmetic_v<typename T::value_type>;


template<MM T>
class tempClass{};

//or

template<class T> requires MM<T>
class tempClass{};