Template in c++

Function templates

template <class myType>
myType GetMax (myType a, myType b) {
 return (a>b?a:b);
}
int x,y;
GetMax <int> (x,y);
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template <class T>
T GetMax (T a, T b) {
  T result;
  result = (a>b)? a : b;
  return (result);
}

int main () {
  int i=5, j=6, k;
  long l=10, m=5, n;
  k=GetMax<int>(i,j);
  n=GetMax<long>(l,m);
  cout << k << endl;
  cout << n << endl;
  return 0;
}

Class templates

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template <class T>
class mypair {
    T a, b;
  public:
    mypair (T first, T second)
      {a=first; b=second;}
    T getmax ();
};

template <class T>
T mypair<T>::getmax ()
{
  T retval;
  retval = a>b? a : b;
  return retval;
}

int main () {
  mypair <int> myobject (100, 75);
  cout << myobject.getmax();
  return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// class template:
template <class T>
class mycontainer {
    T element;
  public:
    mycontainer (T arg) {element=arg;}
    T increase () {return ++element;}
};

// class template specialization:
template <>
class mycontainer <char> {
    char element;
  public:
    mycontainer (char arg) {element=arg;}
    char uppercase ()
    {
      if ((element>='a')&&(element<='z'))
      element+='A'-'a';
      return element;
    }
};

int main () {
  mycontainer<int> myint (7);
  mycontainer<char> mychar ('j');
  cout << myint.increase() << endl;
  cout << mychar.uppercase() << endl;
  return 0;
}
template <class T>
struct A{
    template<class AA>
    void fun();
};

template <class T>
template<class AA>
void A<T>::fun(){

}
template <>
template<>
void A<QString>::fun<QString>(){

}

template<>
struct A<int>{
    void fun();
};
void A<int>::fun(){

}

Non-type parameters for templates

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template <class T, int N>
class mysequence {
    T memblock [N];
  public:
    void setmember (int x, T value);
    T getmember (int x);
};

template <class T, int N>
void mysequence<T,N>::setmember (int x, T value) {
  memblock[x]=value;
}

template <class T, int N>
T mysequence<T,N>::getmember (int x) {
  return memblock[x];
}

int main () {
  mysequence <int,5> myints;
  mysequence <double,5> myfloats;
  myints.setmember (0,100);
  myfloats.setmember (3,3.1416);
  cout << myints.getmember(0) << '\n';
  cout << myfloats.getmember(3) << '\n';
  return 0;
}

Parameter pack or Variadics template

template<class ... Types> void f(Types ... args);
f();       // OK: args contains no arguments
f(1);      // OK: args contains one argument: int
f(2, 1.0); // OK: args contains two arguments: int and double
template<typename... Ts, typename U> struct Invalid; // Error: Ts.. not at the end
 
template<typename ...Ts, typename U, typename=void>
void valid(U, Ts...);     // OK: can deduce U
// void valid(Ts..., U);  // Can't be used: Ts... is a non-deduced context in this position
 
valid(1.0, 1, 2, 3);      // OK: deduces U as double, Ts as {int,int,int}

Pack expansion

template<class ...Us> void f(Us... pargs) {}
template<class ...Ts> void g(Ts... args) {
    f(&args...); // “&args...” is a pack expansion
                 // “&args” is its pattern
}
g(1, 0.2, "a"); // Ts... args expand to int E1, double E2, const char* E3
                // &args... expands to &E1, &E2, &E3
                // Us... pargs expand to int* E1, double* E2, const char** E3
// The base case: we just have a single number.
template <typename T>
double sum(T t) {
    cout<<"call base sum\n";// call once at the last of recursion
    return t;
}

// The recursive case: we take a number, alongside
// some other numbers, and produce their sum.
template <typename T, typename... Rest>
double sum(T t, Rest... rest) {
    cout<<"call main sum\n";//call first 3 times
    return t + sum(rest...);
}

int main(int argc,char* argv[]){
    cout<<sum(1,2,3,4);//10
    return 0;
}

Template Specialize style


template <class T,class ...TT>
class AA;
template <class T,class ...TT>
class AA<T(TT...)>{
};